The Impact of Online Apparel Stores on in-Store Shopping

The impact of online apparel stores on in-store shopping: A complement rather than a substitute Abstract Due to the fast development of the Internet and the growing popularity of online shopping, some argue that the online shopping will substitute store shopping ultimately. For some products such as books and tickets, that might be true, however, for product like apparel - a kind of high-risk and hedonistic product, it is not the case. This essay demonstrates why it is less possible for online apparel shopping to substitute store apparel shopping and how it serves as a complement for store apparel shopping. Finally, some implications on how to make the online apparel shopping more appealing are given.†¦show more content†¦Travel agencies, newspapers and telecommunication providers have all suffered severe competition from internet- based substitutes (Grant, 1991). However, in-store apparel shopping is less substitutable by online shopping. On the one hand, it is a product of high risk; on the other hand, the apparel shopping trips to the city center can be more enjoyable. 2.1. Apparel - A product of high risk According to Peter and Tarpey (1975), the risk here can be defined into six components: financial risk, performance risk, physical risk, psychological risk, social risk and convenience risk. Consumers perceive a higher level of risk when purchasing on the Internet compared with traditional retail formats (Lee amp; Tan, 2003). However, not all products have the same level of risks for online shopping. Bhatnagar, Misra, and Rao (2000) found that consumers might attempt to purchase low-risk or easy-to-examine products such as books, CDs, and airline tickets by Internet more than products more complex to assess online, such as apparel. In fact, the advent of online bookshops such as Amazon has already severely damaged the profits of conventional bookstores. However, for the products of higher risk, such as apparels, it is less possible that online shopping will substitute in-store shopping. Due to the word limit, I will only examine financial risks and performance risks that I think are mostly related in online apparel shopping. The financial risk refers to the likelihood ofShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Changed The World Of Retailing1487 Words   |  6 Pagesit’s technological advancements have change the world of retailing especially in the apparel industry, thus we will be looking at New Look. One of the major trends affecting the retailing industry is the increase in the number of people who prefer shopping for apparel on the Internet from the comfort of their home rather than a tradition brick and mortar store. Emerging technology such as mobile applications and online platforms are changing the way retailers do business. 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Psychological Research Into the Behaviour of Bystanders...

Psychological Research Into the Behaviour of Bystanders The first researchers to investigate systematically the circumstances in which bystanders are and are not likely to intervene to help others were Latane Darley. The tragic case of Kitty Genovese in 1960s New York acted as a catalyst for research studies since the case highlighted concepts such as bystander apathy and the unresponsive bystander. Latane and Darley have shown through research that we are less likely to define a situation as being dangerous if other people are present, a phenomenon they called pluralistic ignorance. Latane and Darley performed a study, the smoke-filled room experiment, which demonstrates the power of†¦show more content†¦The fear of making a social blunder, and being subject to ridicule if a situation is ambiguous, also deters people from helping (Pennington et al, 1999). Interestingly, Latane Rodin (1969) found that when two friends were placed in an ambiguous situation, their response to a potential emergency was just as quick as when either was alone, and much quicker than when two strangers were together or when a naà ¯ve participant was with a stooge instructed not to respond. Presumably, with people we do not expect to see again, we are deterred from acting because we will not have the opportunity to explain ourselves if our interpretations are incorrect. There is, however, evidence indicating that when an emergency clearly requires bystander intervention, help is much more likely to be given, even when a large number of people witness the emergency. For example, Clark Word (1974) staged a realistic accident. A technician supposedly received a severe electric shock in a room next to one in which individual participant or participants in groups of two or five were completing a questionnaire. 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LIberal Democracy is a contradiction in terms free essay sample

The term democracy comes from the Greek language and means rule by the people. Over time, it has developed to sub categorize into different types of democracy such as direct, representative and religious. It therefore would be obvious to assume that different political views shape the way in which democracy is devised in practice. Liberal democracy shadows closely to representative. It expresses the need for free and fair elections, individual rights and economic freedom and finally a constitution. It has more recently however been debated the extent to which these rights are a contradiction to the beliefs. It is suggested that liberals are wary of democracy due to some hindering factors that reject traditional liberal views. One factor is that liberal democracy implies the ideologies in majoritarianism. This view entails that the ‘tyranny of the majority’ has a significant influence over political decisions. Majority groups dominate and therefore allow individual sovereignty and minority rights to be subsided, this under representation of the less dominate groups could class on an infringement of their freedom, contradicting the views of liberal academics. We will write a custom essay sample on LIberal Democracy is a contradiction in terms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This also stems concerned that democratic rule would imply equality over freedom. Ochlocracy rule would sacrifice an individual freedom to obey laws which may in some cases not even represent their own views. This would also result in another wariness being created, in the sense of how these laws would be enforced. A democratic government would have to generate increasing state intervention and control that result in a number of economic freedoms being limited. This could include the decisions made by those in rule to impose taxation or banking restrictions and further restrict the individuals’ freedom. However the extent of these factors can be limited due to the strong compatibility liberalism has with democracy. It is obvious to see that the balance liberals now staunch advocates democracy. Although there is chance that democracy may produce dangerously powerful demagogues like Hitler and that even the ‘people’ power tends to corrupt. It is safely argued in return that power should be based upon legitimate authority and consent is necessary to become legitimate. Therefore if freedoms of the individuals can be strengthened in the sense of human rights laws then a government should be allowed to impose restrictions and laws whilst still up holiding a liberal attitude. Not only may human rights be improved significantly yet simultaneously civil liberties by creating a molded constitution. To prevent the threat of dictatorships it could also be said that democracy could enhance pluralism. Pluralism is the diffusion of power between competing groups. The separation of powers in the constitution will not only prevent the domination of a single group but encourage collaboration. The difference in opinion may allow conflicting issues to be meditated and reconciled. The power of free and fair elections to determine who is governing may help educate those who have the right to vote. Education helps to self-develop the individual and create a harmonious society that appreciates the differences in opinion by creating a social stability.